The Soviet Union started a huge plan called industrialization. It took place mainly between 1929 and 1941. The main goal was to rapidly build many factories and heavy industries. They aimed to catch up with more developed nations. This changed the country from a farming society into a strong industrial power.
The first five-year plan, starting in 1928, began these big changes. The government took central control of the economy. It also grouped many small farms into large collective ones. At the time, many saw this fast growth as a major success. It helped the Soviet Union become more independent and stronger. But later, people questioned the real costs and long-term effects.
Even earlier, in 1920, the GOELRO plan aimed to electrify the entire country. This important plan built many power plants and greatly boosted electricity. Such power made large-scale industrial growth possible. The government focused on making metal, machines, and construction materials. Funds were often moved from farming to support new industries. Private businesses mostly disappeared, replaced by state ownership. Leaders believed a strong industry was key for national defense against other nations.
